Jaw surgery corrects structural problems with the upper or lower jaw that affect bite, breathing, or facial appearance. South Louisville Oral Surgery performs corrective jaw procedures including orthognathic surgery, TMJ reconstruction, and trauma repair using advanced surgical techniques and imaging.
Reviewed by South Louisville Oral Surgery — Louisville, KY
Types of Jaw Surgery
Corrective jaw surgery addresses several conditions. Orthognathic surgery repositions the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both to correct misalignment that orthodontics alone cannot fix. TMJ (temporomandibular joint) surgery treats chronic joint dysfunction, arthritis, or disc displacement causing pain or limited mouth opening. Trauma surgery repairs fractures of the jaw, often from accidents or falls, restoring function and appearance. Sleep apnea surgery may involve jaw advancement to open the airway. Reconstructive surgery addresses birth defects, tumor removal, or severe bone loss.
Surgical Approach and Anesthesia
Jaw surgery is performed under general anesthesia in a surgical facility, ensuring complete unconsciousness and pain control throughout the procedure. Most corrective jaw surgeries take 1 to 3 hours depending on complexity. Incisions are typically made inside the mouth to avoid visible scarring. The surgeon uses specialized instruments and often computer-guided imaging to position the jaw precisely. After surgery, the jaw may be stabilized with plates, screws, or temporary wiring. Recovery involves swelling that peaks around day 3–5, with gradual improvement over 2–3 weeks for basic function and 3–6 months for full healing and bone remodeling.
Recovery Timeline and Restrictions
| Phase | Timeline | Activity Level |
|——-|———-|—————–|
| Immediate (post-op) | Days 1–3 | Rest, ice, elevation; pain management |
| Early recovery | Weeks 1–2 | Soft diet, limited talking, no strenuous activity |
| Intermediate recovery | Weeks 3–8 | Gradual return to normal diet, light exercise permitted |
| Full healing | 3–6 months | Bone fusion complete; full function restored |
Patients typically return to desk work within 1–2 weeks but should avoid contact sports, heavy lifting, and vigorous exercise for 4–6 weeks. Swelling and bruising are normal and gradually resolve. Pain is managed with prescribed medications for the first 1–2 weeks.
Risks and Complications
All surgery carries risks. Temporary numbness or tingling in the lower lip, chin, or teeth is common and usually resolves within weeks to months as nerves heal. Infection, bleeding, or poor bone healing are rare but possible. Bite problems may require adjustment or additional orthodontics. Relapse (gradual return toward the original position) occurs in a small percentage of cases. Serious complications such as nerve damage causing permanent numbness or blood vessel injury are uncommon when surgery is performed by an experienced oral surgeon.
What You Can Expect at South Louisville Oral Surgery
South Louisville Oral Surgery evaluates jaw surgery candidates with detailed imaging, including 3D cone-beam CT scans and digital bite analysis. The surgical team works with orthodontists to plan treatment and coordinates timing of braces, surgery, and post-operative refinement. Patients receive comprehensive pre-operative counseling on anesthesia, recovery expectations, and activity restrictions. The practice emphasizes pain management and swelling reduction through prescribed medications, ice protocols, and follow-up care. Post-operative visits monitor healing, bite alignment, and any complications. Most patients are seen weekly for the first month, then at longer intervals as healing progresses.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does jaw surgery take?
Most corrective jaw surgeries take 1 to 3 hours, depending on whether one or both jaws require repositioning and the complexity of the case. Simple procedures may take 45 minutes; complex reconstructions can exceed 3 hours.
Will I need braces before and after jaw surgery?
Most patients wear braces for 6–12 months before surgery to align the teeth, then continue braces for 6–12 months after surgery to finalize the bite. Braces prepare the teeth for the new jaw position and ensure optimal results.
What is the cost of jaw surgery?
Costs vary based on the type of surgery, complexity, and whether insurance covers it. Orthognathic surgery typically ranges from $15,000 to $30,000 including surgeon fees, facility costs, and anesthesia. Many insurance plans cover corrective jaw surgery if it is medically necessary (not purely cosmetic), though pre-authorization is required.
When can I return to work after jaw surgery?
Most patients return to desk work within 1–2 weeks if pain is controlled and they can manage soft foods. Jobs requiring heavy lifting, speaking extensively, or contact should be avoided for 4–6 weeks.
What should I eat during recovery?
For the first 2 weeks, stick to soft foods: smoothies, yogurt, mashed potatoes, soup, scrambled eggs, and protein shakes. Avoid hot foods, hard foods, crunchy foods, and anything requiring vigorous chewing. By week 3–4, gradually introduce semi-soft foods as comfort allows.
Can jaw surgery be reversed?
Jaw surgery is not easily reversed. Relapse (gradual shift back toward the original position) occurs in a small percentage of cases and may require revision surgery. The goal is permanent correction, so careful surgical planning and patient selection are essential.
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